<?php
/**
 * CodeIgniter
 *
 * An open source application development framework for PHP
 *
 * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 * THE SOFTWARE.
 *
 * @package	CodeIgniter
 * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
 * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
 * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
 * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
 * @link	https://codeigniter.com
 * @since	Version 1.0.0
 * @filesource
 */
defined('BASEPATH') or exit('No direct script access allowed');

/**
 * CodeIgniter Email Class
 *
 * Permits email to be sent using Mail, Sendmail, or SMTP.
 *
 * @package CodeIgniter
 * @subpackage Libraries
 * @category Libraries
 * @author EllisLab Dev Team
 * @link https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/email.html
 */
class CI_Email
{

    /**
     * Used as the User-Agent and X-Mailer headers' value.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    public $useragent = 'CodeIgniter';

    /**
     * Path to the Sendmail binary.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    public $mailpath = '/usr/sbin/sendmail';
 // Sendmail path
    
    /**
     * Which method to use for sending e-mails.
     *
     * @var string 'sendmail' or 'smtp'
     */
    public $protocol = 'mail';
 // mail/sendmail/smtp
    
    /**
     * STMP Server host
     *
     * @var string
     */
    public $smtp_host = '';

    /**
     * SMTP Username
     *
     * @var string
     */
    public $smtp_user = '';

    /**
     * SMTP Password
     *
     * @var string
     */
    public $smtp_pass = '';

    /**
     * SMTP Server port
     *
     * @var int
     */
    public $smtp_port = 25;

    /**
     * SMTP connection timeout in seconds
     *
     * @var int
     */
    public $smtp_timeout = 5;

    /**
     * SMTP persistent connection
     *
     * @var bool
     */
    public $smtp_keepalive = FALSE;

    /**
     * SMTP Encryption
     *
     * @var string 'tls' or 'ssl'
     */
    public $smtp_crypto = '';

    /**
     * Whether to apply word-wrapping to the message body.
     *
     * @var bool
     */
    public $wordwrap = TRUE;

    /**
     * Number of characters to wrap at.
     *
     * @see CI_Email::$wordwrap
     * @var int
     */
    public $wrapchars = 76;

    /**
     * Message format.
     *
     * @var string or 'html'
     */
    public $mailtype = 'text';

    /**
     * Character set (default: utf-8)
     *
     * @var string
     */
    public $charset = 'UTF-8';

    /**
     * Alternative message (for HTML messages only)
     *
     * @var string
     */
    public $alt_message = '';

    /**
     * Whether to validate e-mail addresses.
     *
     * @var bool
     */
    public $validate = FALSE;

    /**
     * X-Priority header value.
     *
     * @var int
     */
    public $priority = 3;
 // Default priority (1 - 5)
    
    /**
     * Newline character sequence.
     * Use "\r\n" to comply with RFC 822.
     *
     * @link http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc822.txt
     * @var string or "\n"
     */
    public $newline = "\n";
 // Default newline. "\r\n" or "\n" (Use "\r\n" to comply with RFC 822)
    
    /**
     * CRLF character sequence
     *
     * RFC 2045 specifies that for 'quoted-printable' encoding,
     * "\r\n" must be used. However, it appears that some servers
     * (even on the receiving end) don't handle it properly and
     * switching to "\n", while improper, is the only solution
     * that seems to work for all environments.
     *
     * @link http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc822.txt
     * @var string
     */
    public $crlf = "\n";

    /**
     * Whether to use Delivery Status Notification.
     *
     * @var bool
     */
    public $dsn = FALSE;

    /**
     * Whether to send multipart alternatives.
     * Yahoo! doesn't seem to like these.
     *
     * @var bool
     */
    public $send_multipart = TRUE;

    /**
     * Whether to send messages to BCC recipients in batches.
     *
     * @var bool
     */
    public $bcc_batch_mode = FALSE;

    /**
     * BCC Batch max number size.
     *
     * @see CI_Email::$bcc_batch_mode
     * @var int
     */
    public $bcc_batch_size = 200;
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Whether PHP is running in safe mode.
     * Initialized by the class constructor.
     *
     * @var bool
     */
    protected $_safe_mode = FALSE;

    /**
     * Subject header
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $_subject = '';

    /**
     * Message body
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $_body = '';

    /**
     * Final message body to be sent.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $_finalbody = '';

    /**
     * Final headers to send
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $_header_str = '';

    /**
     * SMTP Connection socket placeholder
     *
     * @var resource
     */
    protected $_smtp_connect = '';

    /**
     * Mail encoding
     *
     * @var string or '7bit'
     */
    protected $_encoding = '8bit';

    /**
     * Whether to perform SMTP authentication
     *
     * @var bool
     */
    protected $_smtp_auth = FALSE;

    /**
     * Whether to send a Reply-To header
     *
     * @var bool
     */
    protected $_replyto_flag = FALSE;

    /**
     * Debug messages
     *
     * @see CI_Email::print_debugger()
     * @var string
     */
    protected $_debug_msg = array();

    /**
     * Recipients
     *
     * @var string[]
     */
    protected $_recipients = array();

    /**
     * CC Recipients
     *
     * @var string[]
     */
    protected $_cc_array = array();

    /**
     * BCC Recipients
     *
     * @var string[]
     */
    protected $_bcc_array = array();

    /**
     * Message headers
     *
     * @var string[]
     */
    protected $_headers = array();

    /**
     * Attachment data
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $_attachments = array();

    /**
     * Valid $protocol values
     *
     * @see CI_Email::$protocol
     * @var string[]
     */
    protected $_protocols = array(
        'mail',
        'sendmail',
        'smtp'
    );

    /**
     * Base charsets
     *
     * Character sets valid for 7-bit encoding,
     * excluding language suffix.
     *
     * @var string[]
     */
    protected $_base_charsets = array(
        'us-ascii',
        'iso-2022-'
    );

    /**
     * Bit depths
     *
     * Valid mail encodings
     *
     * @see CI_Email::$_encoding
     * @var string[]
     */
    protected $_bit_depths = array(
        '7bit',
        '8bit'
    );

    /**
     * $priority translations
     *
     * Actual values to send with the X-Priority header
     *
     * @var string[]
     */
    protected $_priorities = array(
        1 => '1 (Highest)',
        2 => '2 (High)',
        3 => '3 (Normal)',
        4 => '4 (Low)',
        5 => '5 (Lowest)'
    );

    /**
     * mbstring.func_override flag
     *
     * @var bool
     */
    protected static $func_override;
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Constructor - Sets Email Preferences
     *
     * The constructor can be passed an array of config values
     *
     * @param array $config
     *            array()
     * @return void
     */
    public function __construct(array $config = array())
    {
        $this->charset = config_item('charset');
        $this->initialize($config);
        $this->_safe_mode = (! is_php('5.4') && ini_get('safe_mode'));
        
        isset(self::$func_override) or self::$func_override = (extension_loaded('mbstring') && ini_get('mbstring.func_override'));
        
        log_message('info', 'Email Class Initialized');
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Initialize preferences
     *
     * @param array $config            
     * @return CI_Email
     */
    public function initialize(array $config = array())
    {
        $this->clear();
        
        foreach ($config as $key => $val) {
            if (isset($this->$key)) {
                $method = 'set_' . $key;
                
                if (method_exists($this, $method)) {
                    $this->$method($val);
                } else {
                    $this->$key = $val;
                }
            }
        }
        
        $this->charset = strtoupper($this->charset);
        $this->_smtp_auth = isset($this->smtp_user[0], $this->smtp_pass[0]);
        
        return $this;
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Initialize the Email Data
     *
     * @param
     *            bool
     * @return CI_Email
     */
    public function clear($clear_attachments = FALSE)
    {
        $this->_subject = '';
        $this->_body = '';
        $this->_finalbody = '';
        $this->_header_str = '';
        $this->_replyto_flag = FALSE;
        $this->_recipients = array();
        $this->_cc_array = array();
        $this->_bcc_array = array();
        $this->_headers = array();
        $this->_debug_msg = array();
        
        $this->set_header('Date', $this->_set_date());
        
        if ($clear_attachments !== FALSE) {
            $this->_attachments = array();
        }
        
        return $this;
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Set FROM
     *
     * @param string $from            
     * @param string $name            
     * @param string $return_path
     *            NULL Return-Path
     * @return CI_Email
     */
    public function from($from, $name = '', $return_path = NULL)
    {
        if (preg_match('/\<(.*)\>/', $from, $match)) {
            $from = $match[1];
        }
        
        if ($this->validate) {
            $this->validate_email($this->_str_to_array($from));
            if ($return_path) {
                $this->validate_email($this->_str_to_array($return_path));
            }
        }
        
        // prepare the display name
        if ($name !== '') {
            // only use Q encoding if there are characters that would require it
            if (! preg_match('/[\200-\377]/', $name)) {
                // add slashes for non-printing characters, slashes, and double quotes, and surround it in double quotes
                $name = '"' . addcslashes($name, "\0..\37\177'\"\\") . '"';
            } else {
                $name = $this->_prep_q_encoding($name);
            }
        }
        
        $this->set_header('From', $name . ' <' . $from . '>');
        
        isset($return_path) or $return_path = $from;
        $this->set_header('Return-Path', '<' . $return_path . '>');
        
        return $this;
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Set Reply-to
     *
     * @param
     *            string
     * @param
     *            string
     * @return CI_Email
     */
    public function reply_to($replyto, $name = '')
    {
        if (preg_match('/\<(.*)\>/', $replyto, $match)) {
            $replyto = $match[1];
        }
        
        if ($this->validate) {
            $this->validate_email($this->_str_to_array($replyto));
        }
        
        if ($name !== '') {
            // only use Q encoding if there are characters that would require it
            if (! preg_match('/[\200-\377]/', $name)) {
                // add slashes for non-printing characters, slashes, and double quotes, and surround it in double quotes
                $name = '"' . addcslashes($name, "\0..\37\177'\"\\") . '"';
            } else {
                $name = $this->_prep_q_encoding($name);
            }
        }
        
        $this->set_header('Reply-To', $name . ' <' . $replyto . '>');
        $this->_replyto_flag = TRUE;
        
        return $this;
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Set Recipients
     *
     * @param
     *            string
     * @return CI_Email
     */
    public function to($to)
    {
        $to = $this->_str_to_array($to);
        $to = $this->clean_email($to);
        
        if ($this->validate) {
            $this->validate_email($to);
        }
        
        if ($this->_get_protocol() !== 'mail') {
            $this->set_header('To', implode(', ', $to));
        }
        
        $this->_recipients = $to;
        
        return $this;
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Set CC
     *
     * @param
     *            string
     * @return CI_Email
     */
    public function cc($cc)
    {
        $cc = $this->clean_email($this->_str_to_array($cc));
        
        if ($this->validate) {
            $this->validate_email($cc);
        }
        
        $this->set_header('Cc', implode(', ', $cc));
        
        if ($this->_get_protocol() === 'smtp') {
            $this->_cc_array = $cc;
        }
        
        return $this;
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Set BCC
     *
     * @param
     *            string
     * @param
     *            string
     * @return CI_Email
     */
    public function bcc($bcc, $limit = '')
    {
        if ($limit !== '' && is_numeric($limit)) {
            $this->bcc_batch_mode = TRUE;
            $this->bcc_batch_size = $limit;
        }
        
        $bcc = $this->clean_email($this->_str_to_array($bcc));
        
        if ($this->validate) {
            $this->validate_email($bcc);
        }
        
        if ($this->_get_protocol() === 'smtp' or ($this->bcc_batch_mode && count($bcc) > $this->bcc_batch_size)) {
            $this->_bcc_array = $bcc;
        } else {
            $this->set_header('Bcc', implode(', ', $bcc));
        }
        
        return $this;
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Set Email Subject
     *
     * @param
     *            string
     * @return CI_Email
     */
    public function subject($subject)
    {
        $subject = $this->_prep_q_encoding($subject);
        $this->set_header('Subject', $subject);
        return $this;
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Set Body
     *
     * @param
     *            string
     * @return CI_Email
     */
    public function message($body)
    {
        $this->_body = rtrim(str_replace("\r", '', $body));
        
        /*
         * strip slashes only if magic quotes is ON
         * if we do it with magic quotes OFF, it strips real, user-inputted chars.
         *
         * NOTE: In PHP 5.4 get_magic_quotes_gpc() will always return 0 and
         * it will probably not exist in future versions at all.
         */
        if (! is_php('5.4') && get_magic_quotes_gpc()) {
            $this->_body = stripslashes($this->_body);
        }
        
        return $this;
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Assign file attachments
     *
     * @param string $file
     *            local path, URL or buffered content
     * @param string $disposition
     *            'attachment'
     * @param string $newname
     *            NULL
     * @param string $mime
     *            ''
     * @return CI_Email
     */
    public function attach($file, $disposition = '', $newname = NULL, $mime = '')
    {
        if ($mime === '') {
            if (strpos($file, '://') === FALSE && ! file_exists($file)) {
                $this->_set_error_message('lang:email_attachment_missing', $file);
                return FALSE;
            }
            
            if (! $fp = @fopen($file, 'rb')) {
                $this->_set_error_message('lang:email_attachment_unreadable', $file);
                return FALSE;
            }
            
            $file_content = stream_get_contents($fp);
            $mime = $this->_mime_types(pathinfo($file, PATHINFO_EXTENSION));
            fclose($fp);
        } else {
            $file_content = & $file; // buffered file
        }
        
        $this->_attachments[] = array(
            'name' => array(
                $file,
                $newname
            ),
            'disposition' => empty($disposition) ? 'attachment' : $disposition, // Can also be 'inline' Not sure if it matters
            'type' => $mime,
            'content' => chunk_split(base64_encode($file_content)),
            'multipart' => 'mixed'
        );
        
        return $this;
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Set and return attachment Content-ID
     *
     * Useful for attached inline pictures
     *
     * @param string $filename            
     * @return string
     */
    public function attachment_cid($filename)
    {
        for ($i = 0, $c = count($this->_attachments); $i < $c; $i ++) {
            if ($this->_attachments[$i]['name'][0] === $filename) {
                $this->_attachments[$i]['multipart'] = 'related';
                $this->_attachments[$i]['cid'] = uniqid(basename($this->_attachments[$i]['name'][0]) . '@');
                return $this->_attachments[$i]['cid'];
            }
        }
        
        return FALSE;
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Add a Header Item
     *
     * @param
     *            string
     * @param
     *            string
     * @return CI_Email
     */
    public function set_header($header, $value)
    {
        $this->_headers[$header] = str_replace(array(
            "\n",
            "\r"
        ), '', $value);
        return $this;
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Convert a String to an Array
     *
     * @param
     *            string
     * @return array
     */
    protected function _str_to_array($email)
    {
        if (! is_array($email)) {
            return (strpos($email, ',') !== FALSE) ? preg_split('/[\s,]/', $email, - 1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY) : (array) trim($email);
        }
        
        return $email;
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Set Multipart Value
     *
     * @param
     *            string
     * @return CI_Email
     */
    public function set_alt_message($str)
    {
        $this->alt_message = (string) $str;
        return $this;
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Set Mailtype
     *
     * @param
     *            string
     * @return CI_Email
     */
    public function set_mailtype($type = 'text')
    {
        $this->mailtype = ($type === 'html') ? 'html' : 'text';
        return $this;
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Set Wordwrap
     *
     * @param
     *            bool
     * @return CI_Email
     */
    public function set_wordwrap($wordwrap = TRUE)
    {
        $this->wordwrap = (bool) $wordwrap;
        return $this;
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Set Protocol
     *
     * @param
     *            string
     * @return CI_Email
     */
    public function set_protocol($protocol = 'mail')
    {
        $this->protocol = in_array($protocol, $this->_protocols, TRUE) ? strtolower($protocol) : 'mail';
        return $this;
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Set Priority
     *
     * @param
     *            int
     * @return CI_Email
     */
    public function set_priority($n = 3)
    {
        $this->priority = preg_match('/^[1-5]$/', $n) ? (int) $n : 3;
        return $this;
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Set Newline Character
     *
     * @param
     *            string
     * @return CI_Email
     */
    public function set_newline($newline = "\n")
    {
        $this->newline = in_array($newline, array(
            "\n",
            "\r\n",
            "\r"
        )) ? $newline : "\n";
        return $this;
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Set CRLF
     *
     * @param
     *            string
     * @return CI_Email
     */
    public function set_crlf($crlf = "\n")
    {
        $this->crlf = ($crlf !== "\n" && $crlf !== "\r\n" && $crlf !== "\r") ? "\n" : $crlf;
        return $this;
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Get the Message ID
     *
     * @return string
     */
    protected function _get_message_id()
    {
        $from = str_replace(array(
            '>',
            '<'
        ), '', $this->_headers['Return-Path']);
        return '<' . uniqid('') . strstr($from, '@') . '>';
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Get Mail Protocol
     *
     * @param
     *            bool
     * @return mixed
     */
    protected function _get_protocol($return = TRUE)
    {
        $this->protocol = strtolower($this->protocol);
        in_array($this->protocol, $this->_protocols, TRUE) or $this->protocol = 'mail';
        
        if ($return === TRUE) {
            return $this->protocol;
        }
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Get Mail Encoding
     *
     * @param
     *            bool
     * @return string
     */
    protected function _get_encoding($return = TRUE)
    {
        in_array($this->_encoding, $this->_bit_depths) or $this->_encoding = '8bit';
        
        foreach ($this->_base_charsets as $charset) {
            if (strpos($charset, $this->charset) === 0) {
                $this->_encoding = '7bit';
            }
        }
        
        if ($return === TRUE) {
            return $this->_encoding;
        }
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Get content type (text/html/attachment)
     *
     * @return string
     */
    protected function _get_content_type()
    {
        if ($this->mailtype === 'html') {
            return empty($this->_attachments) ? 'html' : 'html-attach';
        } elseif ($this->mailtype === 'text' && ! empty($this->_attachments)) {
            return 'plain-attach';
        } else {
            return 'plain';
        }
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Set RFC 822 Date
     *
     * @return string
     */
    protected function _set_date()
    {
        $timezone = date('Z');
        $operator = ($timezone[0] === '-') ? '-' : '+';
        $timezone = abs($timezone);
        $timezone = floor($timezone / 3600) * 100 + ($timezone % 3600) / 60;
        
        return sprintf('%s %s%04d', date('D, j M Y H:i:s'), $operator, $timezone);
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Mime message
     *
     * @return string
     */
    protected function _get_mime_message()
    {
        return 'This is a multi-part message in MIME format.' . $this->newline . 'Your email application may not support this format.';
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Validate Email Address
     *
     * @param
     *            string
     * @return bool
     */
    public function validate_email($email)
    {
        if (! is_array($email)) {
            $this->_set_error_message('lang:email_must_be_array');
            return FALSE;
        }
        
        foreach ($email as $val) {
            if (! $this->valid_email($val)) {
                $this->_set_error_message('lang:email_invalid_address', $val);
                return FALSE;
            }
        }
        
        return TRUE;
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Email Validation
     *
     * @param
     *            string
     * @return bool
     */
    public function valid_email($email)
    {
        if (function_exists('idn_to_ascii') && $atpos = strpos($email, '@')) {
            $email = self::substr($email, 0, ++ $atpos) . idn_to_ascii(self::substr($email, $atpos));
        }
        
        return (bool) filter_var($email, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL);
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Clean Extended Email Address: Joe Smith <joe@smith.com>
     *
     * @param
     *            string
     * @return string
     */
    public function clean_email($email)
    {
        if (! is_array($email)) {
            return preg_match('/\<(.*)\>/', $email, $match) ? $match[1] : $email;
        }
        
        $clean_email = array();
        
        foreach ($email as $addy) {
            $clean_email[] = preg_match('/\<(.*)\>/', $addy, $match) ? $match[1] : $addy;
        }
        
        return $clean_email;
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Build alternative plain text message
     *
     * Provides the raw message for use in plain-text headers of
     * HTML-formatted emails.
     * If the user hasn't specified his own alternative message
     * it creates one by stripping the HTML
     *
     * @return string
     */
    protected function _get_alt_message()
    {
        if (! empty($this->alt_message)) {
            return ($this->wordwrap) ? $this->word_wrap($this->alt_message, 76) : $this->alt_message;
        }
        
        $body = preg_match('/\<body.*?\>(.*)\<\/body\>/si', $this->_body, $match) ? $match[1] : $this->_body;
        $body = str_replace("\t", '', preg_replace('#<!--(.*)--\>#', '', trim(strip_tags($body))));
        
        for ($i = 20; $i >= 3; $i --) {
            $body = str_replace(str_repeat("\n", $i), "\n\n", $body);
        }
        
        // Reduce multiple spaces
        $body = preg_replace('| +|', ' ', $body);
        
        return ($this->wordwrap) ? $this->word_wrap($body, 76) : $body;
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Word Wrap
     *
     * @param
     *            string
     * @param
     *            int line-length limit
     * @return string
     */
    public function word_wrap($str, $charlim = NULL)
    {
        // Set the character limit, if not already present
        if (empty($charlim)) {
            $charlim = empty($this->wrapchars) ? 76 : $this->wrapchars;
        }
        
        // Standardize newlines
        if (strpos($str, "\r") !== FALSE) {
            $str = str_replace(array(
                "\r\n",
                "\r"
            ), "\n", $str);
        }
        
        // Reduce multiple spaces at end of line
        $str = preg_replace('| +\n|', "\n", $str);
        
        // If the current word is surrounded by {unwrap} tags we'll
        // strip the entire chunk and replace it with a marker.
        $unwrap = array();
        if (preg_match_all('|\{unwrap\}(.+?)\{/unwrap\}|s', $str, $matches)) {
            for ($i = 0, $c = count($matches[0]); $i < $c; $i ++) {
                $unwrap[] = $matches[1][$i];
                $str = str_replace($matches[0][$i], '{{unwrapped' . $i . '}}', $str);
            }
        }
        
        // Use PHP's native function to do the initial wordwrap.
        // We set the cut flag to FALSE so that any individual words that are
        // too long get left alone. In the next step we'll deal with them.
        $str = wordwrap($str, $charlim, "\n", FALSE);
        
        // Split the string into individual lines of text and cycle through them
        $output = '';
        foreach (explode("\n", $str) as $line) {
            // Is the line within the allowed character count?
            // If so we'll join it to the output and continue
            if (self::strlen($line) <= $charlim) {
                $output .= $line . $this->newline;
                continue;
            }
            
            $temp = '';
            do {
                // If the over-length word is a URL we won't wrap it
                if (preg_match('!\[url.+\]|://|www\.!', $line)) {
                    break;
                }
                
                // Trim the word down
                $temp .= self::substr($line, 0, $charlim - 1);
                $line = self::substr($line, $charlim - 1);
            } while (self::strlen($line) > $charlim);
            
            // If $temp contains data it means we had to split up an over-length
            // word into smaller chunks so we'll add it back to our current line
            if ($temp !== '') {
                $output .= $temp . $this->newline;
            }
            
            $output .= $line . $this->newline;
        }
        
        // Put our markers back
        if (count($unwrap) > 0) {
            foreach ($unwrap as $key => $val) {
                $output = str_replace('{{unwrapped' . $key . '}}', $val, $output);
            }
        }
        
        return $output;
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Build final headers
     *
     * @return void
     */
    protected function _build_headers()
    {
        $this->set_header('User-Agent', $this->useragent);
        $this->set_header('X-Sender', $this->clean_email($this->_headers['From']));
        $this->set_header('X-Mailer', $this->useragent);
        $this->set_header('X-Priority', $this->_priorities[$this->priority]);
        $this->set_header('Message-ID', $this->_get_message_id());
        $this->set_header('Mime-Version', '1.0');
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Write Headers as a string
     *
     * @return void
     */
    protected function _write_headers()
    {
        if ($this->protocol === 'mail') {
            if (isset($this->_headers['Subject'])) {
                $this->_subject = $this->_headers['Subject'];
                unset($this->_headers['Subject']);
            }
        }
        
        reset($this->_headers);
        $this->_header_str = '';
        
        foreach ($this->_headers as $key => $val) {
            $val = trim($val);
            
            if ($val !== '') {
                $this->_header_str .= $key . ': ' . $val . $this->newline;
            }
        }
        
        if ($this->_get_protocol() === 'mail') {
            $this->_header_str = rtrim($this->_header_str);
        }
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Build Final Body and attachments
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    protected function _build_message()
    {
        if ($this->wordwrap === TRUE && $this->mailtype !== 'html') {
            $this->_body = $this->word_wrap($this->_body);
        }
        
        $this->_write_headers();
        
        $hdr = ($this->_get_protocol() === 'mail') ? $this->newline : '';
        $body = '';
        
        switch ($this->_get_content_type()) {
            case 'plain':
                
                $hdr .= 'Content-Type: text/plain; charset=' . $this->charset . $this->newline . 'Content-Transfer-Encoding: ' . $this->_get_encoding();
                
                if ($this->_get_protocol() === 'mail') {
                    $this->_header_str .= $hdr;
                    $this->_finalbody = $this->_body;
                } else {
                    $this->_finalbody = $hdr . $this->newline . $this->newline . $this->_body;
                }
                
                return;
            
            case 'html':
                
                if ($this->send_multipart === FALSE) {
                    $hdr .= 'Content-Type: text/html; charset=' . $this->charset . $this->newline . 'Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable';
                } else {
                    $boundary = uniqid('B_ALT_');
                    $hdr .= 'Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="' . $boundary . '"';
                    
                    $body .= $this->_get_mime_message() . $this->newline . $this->newline . '--' . $boundary . $this->newline . 

                    'Content-Type: text/plain; charset=' . $this->charset . $this->newline . 'Content-Transfer-Encoding: ' . $this->_get_encoding() . $this->newline . $this->newline . $this->_get_alt_message() . $this->newline . $this->newline . '--' . $boundary . $this->newline . 

                    'Content-Type: text/html; charset=' . $this->charset . $this->newline . 'Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable' . $this->newline . $this->newline;
                }
                
                $this->_finalbody = $body . $this->_prep_quoted_printable($this->_body) . $this->newline . $this->newline;
                
                if ($this->_get_protocol() === 'mail') {
                    $this->_header_str .= $hdr;
                } else {
                    $this->_finalbody = $hdr . $this->newline . $this->newline . $this->_finalbody;
                }
                
                if ($this->send_multipart !== FALSE) {
                    $this->_finalbody .= '--' . $boundary . '--';
                }
                
                return;
            
            case 'plain-attach':
                
                $boundary = uniqid('B_ATC_');
                $hdr .= 'Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="' . $boundary . '"';
                
                if ($this->_get_protocol() === 'mail') {
                    $this->_header_str .= $hdr;
                }
                
                $body .= $this->_get_mime_message() . $this->newline . $this->newline . '--' . $boundary . $this->newline . 'Content-Type: text/plain; charset=' . $this->charset . $this->newline . 'Content-Transfer-Encoding: ' . $this->_get_encoding() . $this->newline . $this->newline . $this->_body . $this->newline . $this->newline;
                
                $this->_append_attachments($body, $boundary);
                
                break;
            case 'html-attach':
                
                $alt_boundary = uniqid('B_ALT_');
                $last_boundary = NULL;
                
                if ($this->_attachments_have_multipart('mixed')) {
                    $atc_boundary = uniqid('B_ATC_');
                    $hdr .= 'Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="' . $atc_boundary . '"';
                    $last_boundary = $atc_boundary;
                }
                
                if ($this->_attachments_have_multipart('related')) {
                    $rel_boundary = uniqid('B_REL_');
                    $rel_boundary_header = 'Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary="' . $rel_boundary . '"';
                    
                    if (isset($last_boundary)) {
                        $body .= '--' . $last_boundary . $this->newline . $rel_boundary_header;
                    } else {
                        $hdr .= $rel_boundary_header;
                    }
                    
                    $last_boundary = $rel_boundary;
                }
                
                if ($this->_get_protocol() === 'mail') {
                    $this->_header_str .= $hdr;
                }
                
                self::strlen($body) && $body .= $this->newline . $this->newline;
                $body .= $this->_get_mime_message() . $this->newline . $this->newline . '--' . $last_boundary . $this->newline . 

                'Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="' . $alt_boundary . '"' . $this->newline . $this->newline . '--' . $alt_boundary . $this->newline . 

                'Content-Type: text/plain; charset=' . $this->charset . $this->newline . 'Content-Transfer-Encoding: ' . $this->_get_encoding() . $this->newline . $this->newline . $this->_get_alt_message() . $this->newline . $this->newline . '--' . $alt_boundary . $this->newline . 

                'Content-Type: text/html; charset=' . $this->charset . $this->newline . 'Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable' . $this->newline . $this->newline . 

                $this->_prep_quoted_printable($this->_body) . $this->newline . $this->newline . '--' . $alt_boundary . '--' . $this->newline . $this->newline;
                
                if (! empty($rel_boundary)) {
                    $body .= $this->newline . $this->newline;
                    $this->_append_attachments($body, $rel_boundary, 'related');
                }
                
                // multipart/mixed attachments
                if (! empty($atc_boundary)) {
                    $body .= $this->newline . $this->newline;
                    $this->_append_attachments($body, $atc_boundary, 'mixed');
                }
                
                break;
        }
        
        $this->_finalbody = ($this->_get_protocol() === 'mail') ? $body : $hdr . $this->newline . $this->newline . $body;
        
        return TRUE;
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    protected function _attachments_have_multipart($type)
    {
        foreach ($this->_attachments as &$attachment) {
            if ($attachment['multipart'] === $type) {
                return TRUE;
            }
        }
        
        return FALSE;
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Prepares attachment string
     *
     * @param string $body
     *            to append to
     * @param string $boundary            
     * @param string $multipart
     *            only attachments of this type will be processed
     * @return string
     */
    protected function _append_attachments(&$body, $boundary, $multipart = null)
    {
        for ($i = 0, $c = count($this->_attachments); $i < $c; $i ++) {
            if (isset($multipart) && $this->_attachments[$i]['multipart'] !== $multipart) {
                continue;
            }
            
            $name = isset($this->_attachments[$i]['name'][1]) ? $this->_attachments[$i]['name'][1] : basename($this->_attachments[$i]['name'][0]);
            
            $body .= '--' . $boundary . $this->newline . 'Content-Type: ' . $this->_attachments[$i]['type'] . '; name="' . $name . '"' . $this->newline . 'Content-Disposition: ' . $this->_attachments[$i]['disposition'] . ';' . $this->newline . 'Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64' . $this->newline . (empty($this->_attachments[$i]['cid']) ? '' : 'Content-ID: <' . $this->_attachments[$i]['cid'] . '>' . $this->newline) . $this->newline . $this->_attachments[$i]['content'] . $this->newline;
        }
        
        // $name won't be set if no attachments were appended,
        // and therefore a boundary wouldn't be necessary
        empty($name) or $body .= '--' . $boundary . '--';
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Prep Quoted Printable
     *
     * Prepares string for Quoted-Printable Content-Transfer-Encoding
     * Refer to RFC 2045 http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2045.txt
     *
     * @param
     *            string
     * @return string
     */
    protected function _prep_quoted_printable($str)
    {
        // ASCII code numbers for "safe" characters that can always be
        // used literally, without encoding, as described in RFC 2049.
        // http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2049.txt
        static $ascii_safe_chars = array(
            // ' ( ) + , - . / : = ?
            39,
            40,
            41,
            43,
            44,
            45,
            46,
            47,
            58,
            61,
            63,
            // numbers
            48,
            49,
            50,
            51,
            52,
            53,
            54,
            55,
            56,
            57,
            // upper-case letters
            65,
            66,
            67,
            68,
            69,
            70,
            71,
            72,
            73,
            74,
            75,
            76,
            77,
            78,
            79,
            80,
            81,
            82,
            83,
            84,
            85,
            86,
            87,
            88,
            89,
            90,
            // lower-case letters
            97,
            98,
            99,
            100,
            101,
            102,
            103,
            104,
            105,
            106,
            107,
            108,
            109,
            110,
            111,
            112,
            113,
            114,
            115,
            116,
            117,
            118,
            119,
            120,
            121,
            122
        );
        
        // We are intentionally wrapping so mail servers will encode characters
        // properly and MUAs will behave, so {unwrap} must go!
        $str = str_replace(array(
            '{unwrap}',
            '{/unwrap}'
        ), '', $str);
        
        // RFC 2045 specifies CRLF as "\r\n".
        // However, many developers choose to override that and violate
        // the RFC rules due to (apparently) a bug in MS Exchange,
        // which only works with "\n".
        if ($this->crlf === "\r\n") {
            return quoted_printable_encode($str);
        }
        
        // Reduce multiple spaces & remove nulls
        $str = preg_replace(array(
            '| +|',
            '/\x00+/'
        ), array(
            ' ',
            ''
        ), $str);
        
        // Standardize newlines
        if (strpos($str, "\r") !== FALSE) {
            $str = str_replace(array(
                "\r\n",
                "\r"
            ), "\n", $str);
        }
        
        $escape = '=';
        $output = '';
        
        foreach (explode("\n", $str) as $line) {
            $length = self::strlen($line);
            $temp = '';
            
            // Loop through each character in the line to add soft-wrap
            // characters at the end of a line " =\r\n" and add the newly
            // processed line(s) to the output (see comment on $crlf class property)
            for ($i = 0; $i < $length; $i ++) {
                // Grab the next character
                $char = $line[$i];
                $ascii = ord($char);
                
                // Convert spaces and tabs but only if it's the end of the line
                if ($ascii === 32 or $ascii === 9) {
                    if ($i === ($length - 1)) {
                        $char = $escape . sprintf('%02s', dechex($ascii));
                    }
                }                // DO NOT move this below the $ascii_safe_chars line!
                //
                // = (equals) signs are allowed by RFC2049, but must be encoded
                // as they are the encoding delimiter!
                elseif ($ascii === 61) {
                    $char = $escape . strtoupper(sprintf('%02s', dechex($ascii))); // =3D
                } elseif (! in_array($ascii, $ascii_safe_chars, TRUE)) {
                    $char = $escape . strtoupper(sprintf('%02s', dechex($ascii)));
                }
                
                // If we're at the character limit, add the line to the output,
                // reset our temp variable, and keep on chuggin'
                if ((self::strlen($temp) + self::strlen($char)) >= 76) {
                    $output .= $temp . $escape . $this->crlf;
                    $temp = '';
                }
                
                // Add the character to our temporary line
                $temp .= $char;
            }
            
            // Add our completed line to the output
            $output .= $temp . $this->crlf;
        }
        
        // get rid of extra CRLF tacked onto the end
        return self::substr($output, 0, self::strlen($this->crlf) * - 1);
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Prep Q Encoding
     *
     * Performs "Q Encoding" on a string for use in email headers.
     * It's related but not identical to quoted-printable, so it has its
     * own method.
     *
     * @param
     *            string
     * @return string
     */
    protected function _prep_q_encoding($str)
    {
        $str = str_replace(array(
            "\r",
            "\n"
        ), '', $str);
        
        if ($this->charset === 'UTF-8') {
            // Note: We used to have mb_encode_mimeheader() as the first choice
            // here, but it turned out to be buggy and unreliable. DO NOT
            // re-add it! -- Narf
            if (ICONV_ENABLED === TRUE) {
                $output = @iconv_mime_encode('', $str, array(
                    'scheme' => 'Q',
                    'line-length' => 76,
                    'input-charset' => $this->charset,
                    'output-charset' => $this->charset,
                    'line-break-chars' => $this->crlf
                ));
                
                // There are reports that iconv_mime_encode() might fail and return FALSE
                if ($output !== FALSE) {
                    // iconv_mime_encode() will always put a header field name.
                    // We've passed it an empty one, but it still prepends our
                    // encoded string with ': ', so we need to strip it.
                    return self::substr($output, 2);
                }
                
                $chars = iconv_strlen($str, 'UTF-8');
            } elseif (MB_ENABLED === TRUE) {
                $chars = mb_strlen($str, 'UTF-8');
            }
        }
        
        // We might already have this set for UTF-8
        isset($chars) or $chars = self::strlen($str);
        
        $output = '=?' . $this->charset . '?Q?';
        for ($i = 0, $length = self::strlen($output); $i < $chars; $i ++) {
            $chr = ($this->charset === 'UTF-8' && ICONV_ENABLED === TRUE) ? '=' . implode('=', str_split(strtoupper(bin2hex(iconv_substr($str, $i, 1, $this->charset))), 2)) : '=' . strtoupper(bin2hex($str[$i]));
            
            // RFC 2045 sets a limit of 76 characters per line.
            // We'll append ?= to the end of each line though.
            if ($length + ($l = self::strlen($chr)) > 74) {
                $output .= '?=' . $this->crlf . // EOL
' =?' . $this->charset . '?Q?' . $chr; // New line
                $length = 6 + self::strlen($this->charset) + $l; // Reset the length for the new line
            } else {
                $output .= $chr;
                $length += $l;
            }
        }
        
        // End the header
        return $output . '?=';
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Send Email
     *
     * @param bool $auto_clear
     *            TRUE
     * @return bool
     */
    public function send($auto_clear = TRUE)
    {
        if (! isset($this->_headers['From'])) {
            $this->_set_error_message('lang:email_no_from');
            return FALSE;
        }
        
        if ($this->_replyto_flag === FALSE) {
            $this->reply_to($this->_headers['From']);
        }
        
        if (! isset($this->_recipients) && ! isset($this->_headers['To']) && ! isset($this->_bcc_array) && ! isset($this->_headers['Bcc']) && ! isset($this->_headers['Cc'])) {
            $this->_set_error_message('lang:email_no_recipients');
            return FALSE;
        }
        
        $this->_build_headers();
        
        if ($this->bcc_batch_mode && count($this->_bcc_array) > $this->bcc_batch_size) {
            $result = $this->batch_bcc_send();
            
            if ($result && $auto_clear) {
                $this->clear();
            }
            
            return $result;
        }
        
        if ($this->_build_message() === FALSE) {
            return FALSE;
        }
        
        $result = $this->_spool_email();
        
        if ($result && $auto_clear) {
            $this->clear();
        }
        
        return $result;
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Batch Bcc Send.
     * Sends groups of BCCs in batches
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function batch_bcc_send()
    {
        $float = $this->bcc_batch_size - 1;
        $set = '';
        $chunk = array();
        
        for ($i = 0, $c = count($this->_bcc_array); $i < $c; $i ++) {
            if (isset($this->_bcc_array[$i])) {
                $set .= ', ' . $this->_bcc_array[$i];
            }
            
            if ($i === $float) {
                $chunk[] = self::substr($set, 1);
                $float += $this->bcc_batch_size;
                $set = '';
            }
            
            if ($i === $c - 1) {
                $chunk[] = self::substr($set, 1);
            }
        }
        
        for ($i = 0, $c = count($chunk); $i < $c; $i ++) {
            unset($this->_headers['Bcc']);
            
            $bcc = $this->clean_email($this->_str_to_array($chunk[$i]));
            
            if ($this->protocol !== 'smtp') {
                $this->set_header('Bcc', implode(', ', $bcc));
            } else {
                $this->_bcc_array = $bcc;
            }
            
            if ($this->_build_message() === FALSE) {
                return FALSE;
            }
            
            $this->_spool_email();
        }
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Unwrap special elements
     *
     * @return void
     */
    protected function _unwrap_specials()
    {
        $this->_finalbody = preg_replace_callback('/\{unwrap\}(.*?)\{\/unwrap\}/si', array(
            $this,
            '_remove_nl_callback'
        ), $this->_finalbody);
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Strip line-breaks via callback
     *
     * @param string $matches            
     * @return string
     */
    protected function _remove_nl_callback($matches)
    {
        if (strpos($matches[1], "\r") !== FALSE or strpos($matches[1], "\n") !== FALSE) {
            $matches[1] = str_replace(array(
                "\r\n",
                "\r",
                "\n"
            ), '', $matches[1]);
        }
        
        return $matches[1];
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Spool mail to the mail server
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    protected function _spool_email()
    {
        $this->_unwrap_specials();
        
        $method = '_send_with_' . $this->_get_protocol();
        if (! $this->$method()) {
            $this->_set_error_message('lang:email_send_failure_' . ($this->_get_protocol() === 'mail' ? 'phpmail' : $this->_get_protocol()));
            return FALSE;
        }
        
        $this->_set_error_message('lang:email_sent', $this->_get_protocol());
        return TRUE;
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Validate email for shell
     *
     * Applies stricter, shell-safe validation to email addresses.
     * Introduced to prevent RCE via sendmail's -f option.
     *
     * @see https://github.com/bcit-ci/CodeIgniter/issues/4963
     * @see https://gist.github.com/Zenexer/40d02da5e07f151adeaeeaa11af9ab36
     * @license https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ CC0 1.0, Public Domain
     *         
     *          Credits for the base concept go to Paul Buonopane <paul@namepros.com>
     *         
     * @param string $email            
     * @return bool
     */
    protected function _validate_email_for_shell(&$email)
    {
        if (function_exists('idn_to_ascii') && $atpos = strpos($email, '@')) {
            $email = self::substr($email, 0, ++ $atpos) . idn_to_ascii(self::substr($email, $atpos));
        }
        
        return (filter_var($email, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL) === $email && preg_match('#\A[a-z0-9._+-]+@[a-z0-9.-]{1,253}\z#i', $email));
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Send using mail()
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    protected function _send_with_mail()
    {
        if (is_array($this->_recipients)) {
            $this->_recipients = implode(', ', $this->_recipients);
        }
        
        // _validate_email_for_shell() below accepts by reference,
        // so this needs to be assigned to a variable
        $from = $this->clean_email($this->_headers['Return-Path']);
        
        if ($this->_safe_mode === TRUE || ! $this->_validate_email_for_shell($from)) {
            return mail($this->_recipients, $this->_subject, $this->_finalbody, $this->_header_str);
        } else {
            // most documentation of sendmail using the "-f" flag lacks a space after it, however
            // we've encountered servers that seem to require it to be in place.
            return mail($this->_recipients, $this->_subject, $this->_finalbody, $this->_header_str, '-f ' . $from);
        }
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Send using Sendmail
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    protected function _send_with_sendmail()
    {
        // _validate_email_for_shell() below accepts by reference,
        // so this needs to be assigned to a variable
        $from = $this->clean_email($this->_headers['From']);
        if ($this->_validate_email_for_shell($from)) {
            $from = '-f ' . $from;
        } else {
            $from = '';
        }
        
        // is popen() enabled?
        if (! function_usable('popen') or FALSE === ($fp = @popen($this->mailpath . ' -oi ' . $from . ' -t', 'w'))) {
            // server probably has popen disabled, so nothing we can do to get a verbose error.
            return FALSE;
        }
        
        fputs($fp, $this->_header_str);
        fputs($fp, $this->_finalbody);
        
        $status = pclose($fp);
        
        if ($status !== 0) {
            $this->_set_error_message('lang:email_exit_status', $status);
            $this->_set_error_message('lang:email_no_socket');
            return FALSE;
        }
        
        return TRUE;
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Send using SMTP
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    protected function _send_with_smtp()
    {
        if ($this->smtp_host === '') {
            $this->_set_error_message('lang:email_no_hostname');
            return FALSE;
        }
        
        if (! $this->_smtp_connect() or ! $this->_smtp_authenticate()) {
            return FALSE;
        }
        
        if (! $this->_send_command('from', $this->clean_email($this->_headers['From']))) {
            $this->_smtp_end();
            return FALSE;
        }
        
        foreach ($this->_recipients as $val) {
            if (! $this->_send_command('to', $val)) {
                $this->_smtp_end();
                return FALSE;
            }
        }
        
        if (count($this->_cc_array) > 0) {
            foreach ($this->_cc_array as $val) {
                if ($val !== '' && ! $this->_send_command('to', $val)) {
                    $this->_smtp_end();
                    return FALSE;
                }
            }
        }
        
        if (count($this->_bcc_array) > 0) {
            foreach ($this->_bcc_array as $val) {
                if ($val !== '' && ! $this->_send_command('to', $val)) {
                    $this->_smtp_end();
                    return FALSE;
                }
            }
        }
        
        if (! $this->_send_command('data')) {
            $this->_smtp_end();
            return FALSE;
        }
        
        // perform dot transformation on any lines that begin with a dot
        $this->_send_data($this->_header_str . preg_replace('/^\./m', '..$1', $this->_finalbody));
        
        $this->_send_data('.');
        
        $reply = $this->_get_smtp_data();
        $this->_set_error_message($reply);
        
        $this->_smtp_end();
        
        if (strpos($reply, '250') !== 0) {
            $this->_set_error_message('lang:email_smtp_error', $reply);
            return FALSE;
        }
        
        return TRUE;
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * SMTP End
     *
     * Shortcut to send RSET or QUIT depending on keep-alive
     *
     * @return void
     */
    protected function _smtp_end()
    {
        ($this->smtp_keepalive) ? $this->_send_command('reset') : $this->_send_command('quit');
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * SMTP Connect
     *
     * @return string
     */
    protected function _smtp_connect()
    {
        if (is_resource($this->_smtp_connect)) {
            return TRUE;
        }
        
        $ssl = ($this->smtp_crypto === 'ssl') ? 'ssl://' : '';
        
        $this->_smtp_connect = fsockopen($ssl . $this->smtp_host, $this->smtp_port, $errno, $errstr, $this->smtp_timeout);
        
        if (! is_resource($this->_smtp_connect)) {
            $this->_set_error_message('lang:email_smtp_error', $errno . ' ' . $errstr);
            return FALSE;
        }
        
        stream_set_timeout($this->_smtp_connect, $this->smtp_timeout);
        $this->_set_error_message($this->_get_smtp_data());
        
        if ($this->smtp_crypto === 'tls') {
            $this->_send_command('hello');
            $this->_send_command('starttls');
            
            $crypto = stream_socket_enable_crypto($this->_smtp_connect, TRUE, STREAM_CRYPTO_METHOD_TLS_CLIENT);
            
            if ($crypto !== TRUE) {
                $this->_set_error_message('lang:email_smtp_error', $this->_get_smtp_data());
                return FALSE;
            }
        }
        
        return $this->_send_command('hello');
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Send SMTP command
     *
     * @param
     *            string
     * @param
     *            string
     * @return bool
     */
    protected function _send_command($cmd, $data = '')
    {
        switch ($cmd) {
            case 'hello':
                
                if ($this->_smtp_auth or $this->_get_encoding() === '8bit') {
                    $this->_send_data('EHLO ' . $this->_get_hostname());
                } else {
                    $this->_send_data('HELO ' . $this->_get_hostname());
                }
                
                $resp = 250;
                break;
            case 'starttls':
                
                $this->_send_data('STARTTLS');
                $resp = 220;
                break;
            case 'from':
                
                $this->_send_data('MAIL FROM:<' . $data . '>');
                $resp = 250;
                break;
            case 'to':
                
                if ($this->dsn) {
                    $this->_send_data('RCPT TO:<' . $data . '> NOTIFY=SUCCESS,DELAY,FAILURE ORCPT=rfc822;' . $data);
                } else {
                    $this->_send_data('RCPT TO:<' . $data . '>');
                }
                
                $resp = 250;
                break;
            case 'data':
                
                $this->_send_data('DATA');
                $resp = 354;
                break;
            case 'reset':
                
                $this->_send_data('RSET');
                $resp = 250;
                break;
            case 'quit':
                
                $this->_send_data('QUIT');
                $resp = 221;
                break;
        }
        
        $reply = $this->_get_smtp_data();
        
        $this->_debug_msg[] = '<pre>' . $cmd . ': ' . $reply . '</pre>';
        
        if ((int) self::substr($reply, 0, 3) !== $resp) {
            $this->_set_error_message('lang:email_smtp_error', $reply);
            return FALSE;
        }
        
        if ($cmd === 'quit') {
            fclose($this->_smtp_connect);
        }
        
        return TRUE;
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * SMTP Authenticate
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    protected function _smtp_authenticate()
    {
        if (! $this->_smtp_auth) {
            return TRUE;
        }
        
        if ($this->smtp_user === '' && $this->smtp_pass === '') {
            $this->_set_error_message('lang:email_no_smtp_unpw');
            return FALSE;
        }
        
        $this->_send_data('AUTH LOGIN');
        
        $reply = $this->_get_smtp_data();
        
        if (strpos($reply, '503') === 0) // Already authenticated
{
            return TRUE;
        } elseif (strpos($reply, '334') !== 0) {
            $this->_set_error_message('lang:email_failed_smtp_login', $reply);
            return FALSE;
        }
        
        $this->_send_data(base64_encode($this->smtp_user));
        
        $reply = $this->_get_smtp_data();
        
        if (strpos($reply, '334') !== 0) {
            $this->_set_error_message('lang:email_smtp_auth_un', $reply);
            return FALSE;
        }
        
        $this->_send_data(base64_encode($this->smtp_pass));
        
        $reply = $this->_get_smtp_data();
        
        if (strpos($reply, '235') !== 0) {
            $this->_set_error_message('lang:email_smtp_auth_pw', $reply);
            return FALSE;
        }
        
        if ($this->smtp_keepalive) {
            $this->_smtp_auth = FALSE;
        }
        
        return TRUE;
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Send SMTP data
     *
     * @param string $data            
     * @return bool
     */
    protected function _send_data($data)
    {
        $data .= $this->newline;
        for ($written = $timestamp = 0, $length = self::strlen($data); $written < $length; $written += $result) {
            if (($result = fwrite($this->_smtp_connect, self::substr($data, $written))) === FALSE) {
                break;
            }            // See https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=39598 and http://php.net/manual/en/function.fwrite.php#96951
            elseif ($result === 0) {
                if ($timestamp === 0) {
                    $timestamp = time();
                } elseif ($timestamp < (time() - $this->smtp_timeout)) {
                    $result = FALSE;
                    break;
                }
                
                usleep(250000);
                continue;
            } else {
                $timestamp = 0;
            }
        }
        
        if ($result === FALSE) {
            $this->_set_error_message('lang:email_smtp_data_failure', $data);
            return FALSE;
        }
        
        return TRUE;
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Get SMTP data
     *
     * @return string
     */
    protected function _get_smtp_data()
    {
        $data = '';
        
        while ($str = fgets($this->_smtp_connect, 512)) {
            $data .= $str;
            
            if ($str[3] === ' ') {
                break;
            }
        }
        
        return $data;
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Get Hostname
     *
     * There are only two legal types of hostname - either a fully
     * qualified domain name (eg: "mail.example.com") or an IP literal
     * (eg: "[1.2.3.4]").
     *
     * @link https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5321#section-2.3.5
     * @link http://cbl.abuseat.org/namingproblems.html
     * @return string
     */
    protected function _get_hostname()
    {
        if (isset($_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'])) {
            return $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'];
        }
        
        return isset($_SERVER['SERVER_ADDR']) ? '[' . $_SERVER['SERVER_ADDR'] . ']' : '[127.0.0.1]';
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Get Debug Message
     *
     * @param array $include
     *            raw data chunks to include in the output
     *            Valid options are: 'headers', 'subject', 'body'
     * @return string
     */
    public function print_debugger($include = array('headers', 'subject', 'body'))
    {
        $msg = '';
        
        if (count($this->_debug_msg) > 0) {
            foreach ($this->_debug_msg as $val) {
                $msg .= $val;
            }
        }
        
        // Determine which parts of our raw data needs to be printed
        $raw_data = '';
        is_array($include) or $include = array(
            $include
        );
        
        if (in_array('headers', $include, TRUE)) {
            $raw_data = htmlspecialchars($this->_header_str) . "\n";
        }
        
        if (in_array('subject', $include, TRUE)) {
            $raw_data .= htmlspecialchars($this->_subject) . "\n";
        }
        
        if (in_array('body', $include, TRUE)) {
            $raw_data .= htmlspecialchars($this->_finalbody);
        }
        
        return $msg . ($raw_data === '' ? '' : '<pre>' . $raw_data . '</pre>');
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Set Message
     *
     * @param string $msg            
     * @param string $val
     *            ''
     * @return void
     */
    protected function _set_error_message($msg, $val = '')
    {
        $CI = & get_instance();
        $CI->lang->load('email');
        
        if (sscanf($msg, 'lang:%s', $line) !== 1 or FALSE === ($line = $CI->lang->line($line))) {
            $this->_debug_msg[] = str_replace('%s', $val, $msg) . '<br />';
        } else {
            $this->_debug_msg[] = str_replace('%s', $val, $line) . '<br />';
        }
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Mime Types
     *
     * @param
     *            string
     * @return string
     */
    protected function _mime_types($ext = '')
    {
        $ext = strtolower($ext);
        
        $mimes = & get_mimes();
        
        if (isset($mimes[$ext])) {
            return is_array($mimes[$ext]) ? current($mimes[$ext]) : $mimes[$ext];
        }
        
        return 'application/x-unknown-content-type';
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Destructor
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function __destruct()
    {
        is_resource($this->_smtp_connect) && $this->_send_command('quit');
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Byte-safe strlen()
     *
     * @param string $str            
     * @return int
     */
    protected static function strlen($str)
    {
        return (self::$func_override) ? mb_strlen($str, '8bit') : strlen($str);
    }
    
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * Byte-safe substr()
     *
     * @param string $str            
     * @param int $start            
     * @param int $length            
     * @return string
     */
    protected static function substr($str, $start, $length = NULL)
    {
        if (self::$func_override) {
            // mb_substr($str, $start, null, '8bit') returns an empty
            // string on PHP 5.3
            isset($length) or $length = ($start >= 0 ? self::strlen($str) - $start : - $start);
            return mb_substr($str, $start, $length, '8bit');
        }
        
        return isset($length) ? substr($str, $start, $length) : substr($str, $start);
    }
}
